In Response to the Same Sex Marriage Problems
Introduction
Same sex marriage has been emerged ever since the ancient times. Furthermore, looking deep into History, it was even actually not emerged in America, because at that time States has not been recognized as a country, yet.
A long time ago in China, in several dynasty periods, there has been a ritual for women married with other women, as well as for the men did the same. Furthermore, even in Rome—where the subculture of modern European rooted—same-sex relationship existed, however it was then prohibited under the leadership of Constatius II and Constans in where they both conduct an execution for those kind of same-sex marriage.
Moreover, in modern times, the Netherlands (in 2001) was the first nation in the world to grant the same sex marriage. It was then followed by other countries; Belgium (2003), Spain (2005), Canada (2005), South Africa (2006), Norway (2009), Sweden (2009), Portugal (2010), Iceland (2010), and Argentina (2010).
Pro and Contra Regarding Same Sex Marriage Issue
In my opinion, the recognition of same sex marriage in these countries due to the reason of the gay liberation and regarding to universal human rights issue. As for now people in these civilizations are in common status to find people who have an urge to marry with same sex partners, thus they should find a way to legalize it.
Why is it an urge to marry with the same sex partners? Because, for some people, the most important things in marriage is love, and caring, marry the one they match the most, and they have the rights to choose the best thing for their life—as long as they do not harm other people. They are the ones who should decide their future. In the other hands, several people still reject the legalization of same sex marriage because it is forbidden based upon the religious grounds. They raise a reason that same-sex union contradicts the nature of marriage. According to them, by marrying the same gender, people could not continue their posterity, and even so, for them same-sex gender activity is contrary to God’s will.
Nevertheless, for some people, marriage is a private thing. They believe the government holds no role in forcing people to conduct heterosexual marriage; any individual has the rights to arrange their own marriage, regardless of their sexual orientation. However, some people think same-sex-marriage could not be legalized because of their fear whether the legalization would increase the prevalence of homosexuality.
The Process of Legalization
There are several different ways in which the same sex marriage be recognized. In the status quo, ten countries and various other jurisdictions have legalized it based on the civil rights, political, social, moral, and tradition, as well as the religious issue. In my opinion, legalizing it in governmental circumstances is the best way to appreciate the same-sex-marriage couple, because the highest law in society is the one which has been written as an Act. If it has been recognized by the civil rights law, then other law in society (no matter it is political, moral, etc.) will follow it, after all.
Same Sex Marriage in Indonesia
I personally think it would not ever occur in Indonesia due to the strictness of Indonesia government. However, if people with Indonesia nationalization want to conduct the same sex marriage, probably they can go to other countries in where this type of marriages is allowed.
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The Linkage between Technology and the Development of LGBT-IQ Community
A. Public Acceptance
Over the years, Marriage, even in dictionary, defines as heterosexual-marriage between men and women. This term still survived until 1922. Just after 2001, when the Netherlands became the first country to approve gay marriage procession, the term Marriage also covers homosexual marriage (same sex marriage).
However, for years homosexuality was considered as a disease or a sexual disorder in our society. Even in Indonesia, common society considered homosexual as a taboo. Moreover, people also always show their repression toward the homosexual society by mocking them or persecuting them. Even so, to show their dislike, people often call the LGBT-IQ people as 'sissy' (banci) or 'bencong', this term is especially used to call men who dressed up like woman. Those ‘bencong’ people usually sing on the pedestrian, sometimes they are also called 'homo'. In Indonesia, the ‘homo’ term (the abbreviation of homosexuality) is often used to a man who likes the same sex.
This case indicates the term Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT)-IQ (Intersex, Queering/Questioning) community has not been popular in Indonesia. The term itself, in America, began to be set up in 1900 as a replacement for the 'gay community'. For decades, variant acronyms for the type of the ‘new’ sexual orientation were commenced, such as Queer/Questioning, Undecided, Intersex, Lesbian, Transgendered, Bisexual, Asexual, and Gay (QUILTBAG).
B. Explanation of the LGBT-IQ Terminology
L is for Lesbian, described as a woman who is attracted physically and emotionally with another women.
G for Gay, described as a man who physically and emotionally attracted to another men.
B for Bisexual, or Bi, is someone who has a strong interest in physical emotionally to men and women.
T could mean transgendered, or transsexual. Transgendered are people who feel uncomfortable with their gender roles. If they were born as a man, they tend to deny that role, and prefer to be female. Whereas, transsexuals are people who feel uncomfortable toward their bodies and they sometimes even feel born in a wrong body.
There is a range which is applied to the T people, ranging from "mild" (they tend to wear clothes from the opposite gender) to "extreme" (they even want to shape their body to be similar with their opposite gender; usually they use hormones therapy and plastic surgery to have this).
I for intersex, are people who have two physical characteristics of both male and female characteristics. The old term used for this case is hermaphrodite.
Q for Queer, or Questioning, is the ones who are questioning their sexual orientation. The Q people tend to be close to the U (Undecided), because both of them have not yet decided their sexual orientation.
Many people often consider the terms as quite confusing, while some other might not really think of it. However, for years the debate about the "third gender”—a term used widely since the 1860's—already includes the rights for them to marry and even to find the way for them to raise children (by making an adoption, or doing In Vitro Fertilization).
C. Is LGBT-IQ Normal?
Probably you still wonder whether people with LGBT-IQ are normal or not. However, the answer is yes, they are obviously normal. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), LGBT-IQ is not a mental illness, thus nothing should be healed from them. Based on ICD 10 and DSM IV, as well, homosexuality is considered as a part of the diversity of sexual orientation. Nevertheless, the LGB-IQ community is still taboo in the society. There are still some cases of violence and abuse against the community.
D. LGBT-IQ in Indonesia
In Indonesia, the cases of LGBT-IQ could be seen since 1920 in several major cities. In 1969, the Association of transvestites in Jakarta (HIWAD) advocated the society; the action was facilitated by the Governor of DKI Jakarta, Ali Sadikin. Around ± 1980, he replaced the calls of sissy or bencong by the term hermaphrodite due to the objections from some Islamic leaders, since the name is considered containing the name of a prophet, namely Adam. In March 1982, the first Open Gay Organization, Lambda Indonesia, in Indonesia and Asia, was built. When the secretariat was centered in Solo, other branches were also formed in Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Jakarta and other places in Indonesia.
E. LGBT-IQ in Yogyakarta
In Yogyakarta, in 1985, the Brotherhood of Gay was formed. As the establishment of the Working Group on Lesbian and Gay Nusantara (KKLGN, later shortened to FORCE ITS (GN)), more and more communities were founded in Pasuruan, Surabaya on August 1, 1987. In 1988, the Brotherhood Gay Yogyakarta was forwarded to Indonesian Gay Society (IGS). Since then, the same communities were built in various places all around Indonesia.
In addition, until now, in Yogyakarta, the two organizations provide an arena for the LGBT-IQ; those two organizations are Matari Sehati and Rainbow community.
F. The Influence of Technology on LGBT-IQ
Several decades ago, people have begun to predict the range of competing technologies that will give great influences to the society in the future.
It is undeniable that technology brings many changes in society over the century. Through his writing, The Guttenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man, Marshall McLuhan explained it more as Determinism Theory of Technology. The basic idea of this theory is that the changes which occur in the communication of technology will also influence human existence. Technology determines how ones think, behave in society, and even the technology is finally directing people to move from one century of technology to another century of other technology forms.[1]
Technology does offer a lot of convenience to the public. However, it is important to realize that technology is simply only a form of means or facilities to achieve one’s goal. In different hands, the same technology may have different effects and functions. In this case, the function of technology would be different when it is used by LGBT-IQ society.
When people use their internet facility for standard purposes, LGBT-IQ people tend to use the facility as a means of communicating with each other. With the Internet connection, they could meet as a society and then later built a new society after meeting offline. Thus, LGBT-IQ association could be found easily in several big cities. In Indonesia, the growth of these societies place more rapidly as the development of internet access in the cities. Whereas in the countryside, several of LGBT –IQ people do not have any initiative to establish an offline community, thus they tend only to mingle through online media.
Moreover, internet facilities can also help them 'identifying themselves'. Those who are initially intimidated and pressured by society because they have sexual orientation as an LGBT-IQ, with the help of the Internet may be able to find the fact that World Health Organization has lifted homosexuality from the category of mental illness on May 17, 1990[2], which means there is elimination of the identification of LGBT-IQ as a psycho pathologies in the DSM IV[3] or ICD 10[4]. Furthermore, the new knowledge they acquire about it will help strengthen their faith in their sexual orientation.
In addition, while they have not found their sex partners, to fulfill their sexual desires, the technology also holds an important role to help them through this phase. They can use the help of specific tools to masturbate, like vibrators, dildos, or sex dolls. These tools were originally created for the benefit of the general public who need such tools as a means of channeling their sexual desires. But in the hands of LGBT-IQ people, those tools will serve as a means to survive, up to they find a suitable sex partner. Then, with the help of internet technology, they precisely can meet with their partners, as well.
Technology helps LGBT-IQ to undermine public opinion that the purpose of marriage institution is to continue the posterity. With the advent of technology, IVF (In Vitro Fertilization, IVF), can dampen the public arguments and this makes LGBT-IQ people can conduct same sex marriage with their partner and run the IVF program. In some extreme cases, in order to fulfill their function as a whole husband and wife, they can also perform genital surgery technology, where the female can change their genital to be a male, vice versa. For the transgendered, breast transplant is often identified as one attempts to get into shape in accordance with their wishes.
G. TECHNOLOGY
In detail, several forms of technology that relate to the survival and the emergence of LGBT-IQ (against the repression of society) are shown below:
a. Communication Technology
The following is the percentage of Internet usage in Indonesia from 1990 until 2009.
b. Technology as a Means of Sexual Recreation
• Sex Toys: Vibrator (stimulant tool with vibration), Penile Toys (artificial vagina), Glass Sex Toys (artificial penis), Nipple Toys (breast stimulation), and Anal Toys (the tools are usually used for anal sex).
• Teledildonics (Cyberdildonics): sex toys which are controlled by computer.
• Sex Doll (Love Doll / Blow Up Doll): doll pretty girl / handsome boy that is used for intercourse.
c. Reproductive Technology
c. Reproductive Technology
IVF (IVF) facilitates the process of conception (fertilization) outside the body, by instilling the sperm into the egg cell.
d. Sex Reassignment Surgery / Genital Surgery
There are offered different modes of operation for LGBT-IQ (especially transgendered) to change their body shape, either through genital surgery or transplantation of the breast.
INDEX
TIMELINE OF LGBT-IQ IN INDONESIA[5]
1869: Dr. K.M. Kertbeny, a German-Hungarian physician, coined the term homosexual and homosexuality.
1920's: Homosexual community began to emerge in large cities in the Dutch East Indies era.
± 1968: The term hermaphrodite created a more positive substitute for the term ‘banci’ or ‘bencong’ in Indonesia.
1969: The organization's first transvestite, transvestites Association Djakarta (HIWAD) was established, the association are facilitated by the governor of Jakarta Raya, Ali Sadikin.
June 1969: In New York, United States, the Stonewall riots took place, when the transvestites and gays against police repression which especially occured in a bar called the Stonewall Inn. This event was considered the beginning of the gay movement that was open and militant in the West, and was now celebrated with parades and other events, especially in Israel, Latin America, Japan, Philippines, India and Indonesia.
1978: International Lesbian and Gay Association, Olga was founded in Dublin, Ireland.
± 1980: The term transgender transvestite was renamed because some Muslim leaders objected, because it contained the name of a prophet, namely Adam.
1981: A collection of disease symptoms (syndrome) who later called AIDS was found among MSM in major cities in the United States, then it turns out that HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, not only transmitted through unprotected anal sex between men only.
1 March 1982: First openly gay organization in Indonesia and Asia, Lambda Indonesia, was established, with the secretariat built in Solo. Soon, there were formed several branches in Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Jakarta, and other places.
1985: The Gay Fraternity (PGY) founded in Yogyakarta, followed with Jake publications.
1 Aug. 1987: Working Group on Lesbian and Gay Nusantara (KKLGN, later shortened to GAYA NUSANTARA (GN)) was founded in Pasuruan, Surabaya, as a successor to Lambda Indonesia.
1988: Gay Fraternity Yogyakarta forwarded to Indonesian Gay Society (IGS).
1989: Denmark became first country in which two same sexed people can register partnerships (registered partnership) with rights similar to marriage.
1990: The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) were founded in San Francisco, USA.
1992: Several gay organizations were established in Jakarta, Pekanbaru, Bandung, and Denpasar.
1993: The issue of sexual orientation rose on the agenda of the UN Conference on Human Rights in Vienna, Austria, but opposed by conservative countries, including Singapore.
December 1993: Congress Lesbian & Gay Indonesia (KLGI) I was held in Kaliurang, DIY. The event was followed by 40 participants from Jakarta to Ujungpandang. At that moment, GAYA NUSANTARA had a mandate to coordinate the Lesbian & Gay Network Indonesia (JLGI).
1994: South Africa became the first country to guarantee non-discrimination based on sexual orientation in its Constitution.
1994: The issue of sexual orientation re-colored the debate at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, Cairo, Egypt), and challenged the conservative party. Indonesia explicitly rejected.
1995: The issue of sexual orientation, championed by lesbian activists, sticking out at the World Conference on Women to-2 in Beijing, China. However, several conservative parties, including the Vatican and Iran, opposed it. Indonesia also opposed.
December 1995: KLGI II held in Lembang, West Java.
22 July 1996: The Peoples of Democratic Party (PRD) became the first party in the history of Indonesia that includes the "right to homosexual and transsexual rights" in the manifesto.
November 1997: KLGI III was held in Denpasar.
June 1999: Gay Pride was celebrated in Surabaya, cooperation between GN, Transvestites Association of Surabaya (PERWAKOS) dons the French Cultural Center (CCCL).
September 1999: Working meeting in Solo JLGI was threatened to be attacked by Islam Defenders Front Surakarta (FPIS), thus this even was canceled.
March 2000: IGS declared March 1th as the Day of Solidarity of the National Lesbian & Gay.
April 2001: The Netherlands became the first country authorizing marriage for everyone (including gays and lesbians). One of the couples who marry must be citizens or permanent residents of the Netherlands.
July 2001: The debate about sexual orientation was re-warmed at the World Conference against Racism in Durban, South Africa.
April 2003: Brazil proposes the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to include sexual orientation as one aspect of human rights.
Etc.
[1] Nurudin, Pengantar Komunikasi Massa, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2007.
[2] Taken from ‘Sampai Jumpa di Idaho’, an article by Linda Christanty.
[3] Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; American Psychiatric Association.
[4] International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, classified by World Health Organization. The ICD 10 project was started in1983 and ended in 1992.
[5] The sources are collected from Matari Sehati, compiled by Dian T. Indrawan
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